Tracheal collapse is a progressive and irreversible respiratory condition (Trusted Source) that occurs when the rings of cartilage that support a dog’s windpipe (trachea) weaken and collapse. This can lead to significant breathing difficulties and a characteristic honking cough.
While the exact cause is often unknown, it may be a congenital disorder, particularly affecting certain middle-age or older small breed dogs.
Imagine the trachea like the tunnel that runs from the base of the neck to the chest, where it splits into bronchi. The inside of the tunnel is called the lumen and it contains the C-shaped rings that give the trachea its structure. These rings are made of cartilage. The remainder of the circular trachea is covered by a thin membrane of tissue.
In tracheal collapse, the rings of cartilage weaken and flatten, and/or the membrane can sag. This results in narrowing of the trachea, and makes it difficult for your dog to get enough air into their lungs.
The severity of tracheal collapse is determined by examining the narrowing of the lumen and the flattening of the cartilage. Based on these two observations, vets classify tracheal collapse into four grades:
Unlike other conditions, signs of a tracheal collapse are hard to miss and can often be distressing. The most common symptom is a harsh, dry cough that might sound like honking. This honking sound can be triggered by excitement, exercise, drinking water, pressure on the trachea (from touch or a collar) or changes in temperature.
Other signs include difficulty breathing, coughing when being picked up or if pressure is applied to the neck, vomiting, gagging, wheezing, and turning blue. (Trusted Source)
Diagnosis starts with ruling out other conditions and verifying that your pup is, in fact, experiencing tracheal collapse. Your vet will take a thorough history and perform a physical exam and diagnostics.
Tests and tools include:
Treatment will vary based on the severity of your dog’s collapse, but the good news is that many dogs respond well to medical management and lifestyle adjustments.
The prognosis for dogs with tracheal collapse can vary. As it is a progressive disease, the tracheal cartilage will continue to deteriorate. However, many dogs live comfortable lives with appropriate medical and lifestyle management. Most dogs require ongoing treatment to improve the quality of life. Regular veterinary check-ups are essential to monitor the condition and adjust treatments as necessary.
Dogs with tracheal collapse can live many years with proper management and treatment. The lifespan largely depends on the severity of the collapse, the effectiveness of treatments, and how well secondary infections or complications are managed. Regular veterinary care and lifestyle adjustments, such as weight management and minimizing exposure to irritants, can significantly improve the quality of life for affected dogs.
Various factors can trigger or exacerbate tracheal collapse in dogs. Genetic predisposition plays a significant role, with certain breeds like Toy Poodles, Pomeranians, and Yorkshire Terriers being more susceptible. Obesity, environmental irritants like smoke and dust, emotional stress, excitement, physical exertion, and pressure from collars on the neck can all contribute to the condition.
While tracheal collapse itself may not be inherently painful, it can cause significant discomfort, anxiety, and distress due to difficulty breathing and persistent coughing. The chronic coughing can also lead to throat irritation and secondary infections, which can be painful. Proper medical management can help alleviate these symptoms and improve comfort levels.
To soothe a dog with a collapsed trachea, use a harness instead of a collar to reduce neck pressure, and administer medications like cough suppressants, bronchodilators, and anti-inflammatory drugs as prescribed by a vet. Maintaining a calm environment and minimizing stress and excitement can also help prevent coughing episodes. Keeping the dog at a healthy weight reduces respiratory strain, and avoiding exposure to irritants such as smoke, dust, and allergens is crucial. Additionally, providing a quiet, comfortable resting area can help the dog feel more at ease.
